The concept of self-determination in international law is, in Essay

The concept of self-determination in international law is, in practice, less wide-ranging than might be supposed - Essay Example It is in terms of whether the human element within several states is entitled to choices that may lead to severing their destiny from that of a given state and ultimately disrupt the state’s body politic. (Coicaud, 2001, p.53). The uniqueness of self-determination makes the existence of a corresponding international rule whether contractual or general far more problematic. This also varies in degree according to whether its conceived as a right conferred by international law or as a right which states an internationally obliged to ensure within their legal systems self determination as seen as a freedom within the internal logic of declaration, human rights and fundamental freedom which every state would be bound under general law, charter or other instruments to ensure it to persons or groups within their legal system, a matter de lege ferenda. (Karen, 2002, p.29). Exceptions are allowed in given arrangements of conventional law. Personality of individuals is not believed in international law. Thus the existing international law is even further from ensuring a right of self-determination as a matter of direct right under international law itself. International law and international politics comprise the rules and reality of the international system so that it makes sense to study one without the other. Scholars decide to separate the so called `real politiks from the utopian idealism on the emphasis that the failure of League of Nations and the rise of fascism were clear demonstrations of the ineffectiveness and irrelevance of international law and institutions’2. This described reality was as anarchic international law system in which the state was the primary actor and its interaction with other states was in a context of a competitive war of all against all motivated by national self interest and a thirst for power. (Karen, 2002, p.42). The tribunal created

Jared Diamond. the Worst Mistake in the History Essay Example for Free

Jared Diamond. the Worst Mistake in the History Essay Jared Diamond. The Worst Mistake in the History of the Human Race Jared Diamond writes about the consequences of agriculture on the human race. He suggests that the earliest farming societies did not have an easier more productive lifestyle than hunter-gatherer societies, contrary to popular belief. For example, the Kalahari Bushmen spend a mere average of 12 to 19 hours a week to getting food, and on average sleep a lot, work less hard, and have more free time than people in hunter- gatherer societies. Another consequence agriculture had on humans is their diets. Hunter-gatherers eat many various wild plants and animals; therefore, they have better nutrition than farmers who generally only eat the limited variety of crops they produce. For example, the Kalahari Bushmens daily intake was 2,140 calories and 93 grams of protein, whereas farmers gave up good nutritional crops for cheap calories found in their starchy crops. In my own opinion, I believe that Diamonds paper is for the most part skewed for the reason that he has a great anti-progressivist bias. Whenever Diamond makes a direct comparison between farming and hunter- gatherer societies, he shows all the positives for hunter-gatherer and the negatives for farmer societies. For example, when Diamond is comparing the nutrition of the two societies, he talks about the balance of nutrients and diet, he mentions that the Kalahari Bushmen eat a variety of over 75 different wild plants and receive more calories than needed. On the other hand, he mentions the fact that thousands of Irish farmers died during the potato famine during the 1840s. Another example of how Diamonds bias towards the gatherer side affects the paper is when he tries to compare the Bushmen to the Ethiopian farmers. The comparison is trying to show that being a gatherer is a better choice by comparing Kalahari Bushmen to the Ethiopian farmers. This is not an equal comparison because he uses the Kalahari Bushmen who are apparently above average on nutrition and one of the most successful Hunter-gatherer societies to one of the lower, undernourished farming societies in Ethiopia.

Cleveland Not Cleaveland :: History, City Life

Cleveland, Ohio wasn’t always what it appears to be today. Cleveland is a very progressive culturally diverse city. It is steeped in history and culture and its residents have had a great impact on American culture and the way we live today. Cleveland is nothing but exciting. Cleveland is filled with great structure, history, and has wonderful attractions. Cleveland is an extraordinary city. Cleveland contains one of the oldest neighborhoods and has some very interesting ones at that. The Tremont neighborhood is one of Cleveland’s oldest and most historic neighborhoods. â€Å"Tremont is known for its numerous and varied restaurants† (Mitchell, â€Å"Tremont Neighborhood† 1). The â€Å"St. Augustine’s Catholic Church† is located in the Tremont neighborhood and is of Victorian Architecture. The â€Å"St. Johns Cantius is favored by the polish community and is also located in Tremont neighborhood (Mitchell, â€Å"Tremont Neighborhood† 2). Tremont can be exciting. Throughout the year, a variety of events take place in Tremont, such as, monthly art walks, Taste of Tremont Festival, Tremont Art and Cultural Festival, Church of the Assumptions Greek Festival, and the St. John Polish Festival. Another great neighborhood in Cleveland is North Coast Harbor. Lake Erie is simply beautiful. Lake Erie is u sed for recreational activities (Mitchell, â€Å"Best Things About Living In Cleveland† 1). There are two trolleys downtown. There are two lines for the trolleys (Mitchell, â€Å"Get on Board the New RTA Downtown Trolleys† 1). Cleveland is an awesome city to live in and is very diverse. Cleveland has a long and rich history. Cleveland was founded in 1796 (â€Å"Cleveland† 161). The first steamboat on Lake Erie was used for trade during the 1820’s. John d. Rockefeller started the Standard Oil Company during the 1860’s (â€Å"Cleveland, Ohio† 1). During the Civil War, Cleveland was part of the underground railroad (Usa Cities Online† 3). Cleveland is the world’s first city to be electrically lighted in 1879 (â€Å"Ohio Facts and Trivia† 3). America’s first traffic light was in Cleveland on August 5th, 1914 (Ohio Facts and Trivia1). The Cleveland Orchestra was founded in 1918 (Gale 172). The Cleveland clinic is one of the best hospitals in the United States. â€Å"The Cleveland clinic was established in 1921 by three WWI surgeons George Washington Crile, Frank Bunts, and William Lower (Mitchell, â€Å"About The Cleveland Clinic† 1). In Cleveland Harbor, The U.S.S. Cod is a WWII submarine in which visitors c an climb in (Pearson 2). It also contains aspects of what Cleveland’s society is today.

Free Essays: The Prologues of Oedipus Rex and Everyman :: comparison compare contrast essays

The Prologues of Oedipus Rex and Everyman Two Works Cited A prologue is a miniature version of the actual text. It answers the elements of literature in a work, and exposes the reader to essential facts, as well as foreshadows the outcome of the work. The prologue also introduces themes, characters, and literary devices to complement the work. Thus, through the study of the prologues of Oedipus Rex and Everyman, one may learn much about the nature of both plays. In the prologue of Oedipus, the 'bear' pun is used. The 'bear' pun is a popular literary device used in many plays. To bear means to carry a babe; To bear can also mean to carry something heavy. The pun indicates that if one cannot bear the truth (which is a very heavy object placed on the heart) than one cannot bear new life. In order to be reborn one must suffer the bearing of truth. When Oedipus says, "I, Oedipus, who bear the famous name." (Sophocles, 715), he indicates that he is bearing the name and therefore must bear the fate that is set for him in order to conceive new life. In order for Oedipus to fully bear his name he must accept the responsibilities that follow; He must escape from the ways of the flesh. Until this time comes, the Gods must bear Oedipus's pain until he is ready to accept it. Likewise, Everyman cannot reach enlightenment (to be free of guilt) because he cannot bear the truth. God explains why Everyman cannot be enlightened as he says, "They use the seven deadly sins damnable, / As pride, covetise, wrath, and lechery . . ." (Everyman, 761). This proves that Everyman is too much of the flesh, and he uses the ways of the flesh to keep him bound to the earth. Thus, when God says, "I see the more that I them forbear" (Everyman, 761), God is bearing Everyman's truth until he is ready, when Everyman is no longer of the flesh. A major theme consistent in both works is that of suffering. In Oedipus Rex, the kingdom of Thebes is suffering because of Oedipus's sin. The suffering of Thebes is illustrated when the Priest said: The herds are sick; children die unborn, And labour is vain. The god of plague and pyre Raids like detestable lightning through the city, And all the house of Kadmos is laid waste,

First Poem for You Essay

The Shakespearean sonnet â€Å"First Poem for You† has an iambic pentameter and consistent rhyme scheme. Every other line represents a true rhyme – the final accented vowels and all succeeding consonants or syllables are identical. For example the words â€Å"complete† and â€Å"neat† (Addonizio 1, 3). Every line of the poem has a basic stressed and unstressed syllable format, except the last line. The extension of the last line â€Å"but touch them, trying† implements a longer stress (14). I believe this has definite meaning to the structure of the poem. In addition, the final verse of the poem is the longest line. In relation to the word â€Å"trying†, I believe that the longer stress and length in the final line of the poem emphasizes the woman continuing to mend the relationship with her boyfriend. The theme of the poem is about love and desire, a woman who cares for her boyfriend seeks to mend the brokenness in their relationship. The title of the poem, â€Å"First Poem for You†, is simplistic and straightforward. Nevertheless, it has direct meaning and relation to the poem. There is a woman writing to her boyfriend about her feelings towards him. She likes to touch his tattoos, have sexual intercourse, yet she recognizes the pain between them and states that â€Å"such permanence is terrifying† (13). These split feelings cause a tone of ambivalence – conflicting feelings toward a person. She is touching the tattoos in complete darkness, which can help the reader understand her desire for her boyfriend yet the shame or timidity that is shared as well. Most shameful acts are done in the dark. Culture and society distinguish the pros of light vs. darkness. This poem does not directly reflect light vs. darkness (good vs. vil), but I believe the negative connotation the word darkness holds, transcends into this poem. If she was touching her boyfriend in the light the poem may have a more optimistic mood. However, darkness is usually related to death, therefore having a pessimistic mood. Furthermore, the connotation of death demonstrates a more in depth meaning of verse 11, â€Å"you’re seared to ashes†. This is a representation of the boyfriend’s death. Perhaps, he is burned alive, but I believe it refers more to him being cremated. Either meaning the reader interprets, the writer wants the reader to understand that the tattoos will remain until death. This is important because I believe the lasting of the tattoos reflect the â€Å"until death do apart† affections the woman has. This brings us back to the last phrase of the poem, â€Å"but touch them, trying†. Despite the confusing feelings, the woman wants to work through the relationship till the death of one of them. Just as the tattoos will remain till death, so will her pursuit towards her boyfriend. The tattoos have many symbolic representations that help the reader understand the feelings the woman has for her boyfriend. Water and lightening are two words that have a symbolic meaning for the poem. â€Å"Lines of lightening pulsing just above your nipple, can find, as if by instinct, the blue swirls of water on your shoulder where a serpent twists, facing a dragon† (4-7). Though symbols can have multiple meanings, the tone and theme of the poem helps to point out the specific meaning behind the relationship. The girlfriend, of the guy with the tattoos, enjoys touching the tattoos when she is unable to see the guy. She knows by heart just where the lightening is pulsing. In this case, the lightening symbolizes power of love that has a pulse, just like a person’s heartbeat; a beat that can go faster or slower depending on the situation. It is instinctive for the woman to know where every tattoo on the guy, just like in a relationship, a person may know every mark or scar on the other’s body. The woman knows that just above his shoulder are the blue swirls of water, where the water is symbolizing that the boyfriend may be pure at heart. The serpent facing the dragon symbolizes the warrior in him, and it also shows he has no fear against his enemies. When I pull you to me, until we’re spent and quiet on the sheets, I love to kiss the pictures in your skin† (Kennedy, 601), means that she pulls him closer to her while they’re laying down and falling asleep, she expresses her love and care for him until there’s no more time left in the night, until it’s all spent. To kiss the pictures in his skin simply means kissing his tattoos. â€Å"They’ll last until you’re seared to ashes; whatever persists or turns to pain between us, they will still be there† (Kennedy, 601), whatever persists†¦

The Blair Witch Project Essays

The Blair Witch Project Essays The Blair Witch Project Essay The Blair Witch Project Essay Essay Topic: Film , The Blair Witch Project can be said to be a landmark in the history of the horror film. It introduced a new kind of horror, as it gave us the story of real people in real situation filming real events. This had not been done before, and it scared people in a completely different way than previous horror films. It brought back the audience screams that came about during screenings of Alfred Hitchcocks Psycho (1960.) It is said that people watching The Blair Witch Project were vomiting and passing out during the screening. For the first time in a horror film, the entire film was filmed on hand held camera. This added extraordinary realism to the film as there was no script, only scene direction. Even more strangely, the actors in the film did all the filming themselves, which was totally unheard of until this film was released. Again, this can be seen as disturbing for the viewer as the aspect of realism is even more evident. The Blair Witch Project was an independent film produced by Eduardo Sanchez and Daniel Myrick. The story revolves around three film students filming a documentary on the myth of The Blair Witch. Subsequently, they disapeer whilst filming the documentary, and the footage they filmed was found a year later in a duffel bag also containing empty film cans, and personal items. This footage is what is shown in the film. The Blair Witch Project was created extremely well as Sanchez and Myrick only had a budget of $25,000 and eight days to film, using low cost 16mm black and white film. On the closing day of the film at cinemas across the globe, the film had taken an estimated $140,000,000. Making it the most successful film of its kind. Sanchez and Myrick chose not to use a script, but to intentionally scare their actors, and film what reactions they received. It is said that on one night of filming, when the actors were asleep in their tent, Sanchez and Myrick went up to the tent and played a recording of children screaming and crying and banged the sides ofd the tent in. the reaction of the actors is great. They get out of the tent and run off into the woods screaming and shouting. This is just one example of how Sanchez and Myrick developed a new kind of filming. Even more cleverly, a website was set up in 1998, www.blairwitch.com which included TV reports of three missing film students in the woods near to Burketsville, interviews with the family of the students, aswell as with members of the search party sent out to look for them. Scientific analysts were also interviewed. They gave their views on what was found in the duffel bag. Photographs of the students and places they visited can also be seen on the website. Even posters were put up around the USA informing people of the students disappearance . Although the town of Burketsville is fictional, the town that was used for filming has received thousands of visitors thanks to the success of The Blair Witch Project .All of the above made people believe that the film was true and that three students had actually gone missing. This website received over 50,000,000 hits even before the film had been released. As, you can expect, with all the hype surrounding the film, a large amount of money was taken on the films opening weekend. $1,500,000 to be exact. The actors used in the film used their real names to add realism to the story. If they had been given false names then the USA might not have believed the story to be true. According to the website www.aintitcoolnews.com The Blair Witch Project is the scariest film ever produced. They claim that because the film plays with your mind, you are more likely to be effected by it rather than if it was a film with lots of blood and gore content. They also go on to say that because many boy scouts and families go camping in the woods, it has an unbelievable effect on the USA. As, the film is filmed in a real environment, such boy scouts and families have visited such places and this helps the reality of the film to hit home hard. The Blair Witch Project can be said to have re-invented the horror genre as it can be held responsible for the rise in audience figures for horror films post Blair Witch Project. E.g. Freddy Vs Jason has just been knocked of the top of the box office chart after a month at the top. So, who knows what the future holds for horror? I anticipate that more experimental films will be produced following the success of The Blair Witch Project, helping to keep the genre alive and as strong as ever.

Dolphins of the Amazon River How Sotalia fluviatilis and Inia geoffrensis coexist in their habitat essays

Dolphins of the Amazon River How Sotalia fluviatilis and Inia geoffrensis coexist in their habitat essays Dolphins of the Amazon River: How Sotalia fluviatilis and Inia geoffrensis coexist in their habitat The Amazon River and its lush, beautiful forest are surely among the most amazing ecosystems in the world. The ever-present, primordial cacophony that echoed in my ears as I stood breathlessly watching saddle-backed tamarins (Saguinus fuscicollis) leap from tree to tree is what I will forever crave to hear again. As a biology student, I have always read about the great biodiversity of the neotropics, as the importance of habitat conservation and protection is beaten into my brain at every turn. Of course, as a naturalist, I agree with the prevailing opinion of today that our world is in dire need of help. However, I couldnt appreciate the true beauty and magic of the tropical Amazon until I was literally swimming in the middle of it, breathing in the wet, fragrant air and seeing the misting, puffing backs of the pink river dolphins (Inia geoffrensis) circling around me. As a lover of all cetaceans, I was very interested in learning more about the dolphins of the Amazon River, but it was a surprise to find that the pink river dolphins (also called botos) are not the only species of cetacean in their habitat. Tucuxis (Sotalia fluviatilis) are smaller, sleeker inhabitants that share the waters with the botos, although they are also found in coastal waters of the South American Atlantic Ocean. The tucuxi looks like a miniature bottlenose dolphin, with its short beak and sleek design. It is important to make note that tucuxis are considered to be in two forms: the marine form and the freshwater form (Borobia et al. 1026). Borobia hypothesizes that the two forms, which vary for the most part in size, may be due to temperature differences, so that the marine form, as it inhabits colder seasonal temperatures than its riverine counterpart, is the larger of the two (1035). ...

International Relations and Realpolitiks essays

International Relations and Realpolitiks essays The international relations policy of Realpolitik can seem confusing, conflicted, and at times self-defeating. However, the policy does what it is supposed to do better than any other; it protects the interests of the United States. If little consistency in foreign policy can be perceived, it's because there hasn't been any. Realpolitik has steered the nation away from total allegiance to international organizations such as the U.N., is against military intervention in ethnic wars such as Bosnia, opposes nation-building in such places as Somalia, and is totally focused on constructing a missile-defense shield to ward off foreign threats to the homeland. The policys answer to any conflict is how will this protect and forward the interests of the United States? If the answer is it does not, then no action should be taken. Realpolitik is the strongest policy for international relations because it allows for the U.S. to concentrate on conflicts that matter most to the country. September 11, 2001, reinforced White House unilateralism. The U.S. attacked al Quada and overthrew the Taliban government in Afghanistan alone, with help from Britain. It did the job efficiently, largely without involving NATO or the U.N. An advantage of Realpolitik is that it sees international organizations such as the U.N. and NATO as a tool to further world interests that the U.S. does not have the time to focus on. For example, intervention in ethnic and civil wars should not be the duty of the United States, groups like the United Nations can be utilized to carry out such missions. The President and his White House foreign policy advisers appear to be on a learning curve. As the nation come up against global realities, it is shifting away from the hard ideological positions toward a more practical approach to world problems. The crises in Iraq and North Korea, each in its own way, have forced the Bush Administration to take a more traditional, multila...

Reflection essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 7

Reflection - Essay Example However, technological advancements would have some drawbacks. There will be no privacy in travelling since there will be audits of every route and journey. Secondly, internet connection will not be perfect in ‘moving offices’. Furthermore, ensuring the security of car office can be a challenge as the office is susceptible to criminal activities. Amazon Prime Air is an amazing technology. Jeff Bezo’s discovery is applicable in transporting packages from one point to another through autonomous drones (Stern 1). The technology will create the convenience of handling small-sized items as one can deliver a package from the comfort of the house. It would enable performance of tasks at a fast rate. The technology will also save on cost of operation. Instead of spending money to deliver a particular package, an individual can comfortably send it. However, the technology comes along with several challenges. Packages delivery at the doorstep of the receiving address may be challenging if the system does not identify the specific recipient. Unintended recipient at the receiving address can receive the package. Godsmark, Paul. Don’t laugh; the new Google prototype car has implications for your business. May 28, 2014. Web. June 4, 2014. Viewed: https://www.linkedin.com/today/post/article/20140528072025-142059068-don-t-laugh-the-new-google-prototype-car-has-implications-for-your-business?trk=mp-reader-card Stern, Joanna. Amazon Prime Air: Delivery by Drones Could Arrive As Early as 2015. abc NEWS. December 1, 2013. Web. June 4, 2014. Viewed:

Sustainable Management Futures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Sustainable Management Futures - Essay Example Today, McDonald’s declares to be the leading global foodservice retailer (McDonald’s, 2011). There are more than 32,000 local restaurants in 117 countries which cater around 60 million people. As noticed, the number of people served increased more than twice from 1994. As a result, franchising strategy would make sense and in fact, 75% of McDonald’s restaurants globally are owned or operated by local business persons. McDonald’s believes that the world’s favorites among its product offerings are its world famous fries, big mac, quarter pounder, chicken mcnuggets, and egg mcmuffin. Just like any other existing big companies today, McDonald’s and its humble beginning is remarkable. Its founder Ray Kroc has successfully created a legacy by instituting a strong foundation leading to where McDonald’s is right now. The very goal of McDonald’s is to pass on the vision from generation to generation. As part of this, the firm continues t o invest on talented executives in order to continue the spark that McDonald’s tries to establish in the market. As a result, McDonald’s continues to recreate its innovative strategic moves that continue to become a cut above the other in the competition. In fact, McDonald’s is willing to try another competitive move just to be able to make sense among its consumers. For instance, the increasing trend of customers becoming health aware is a market opportunity for McDonald’s at some point. This is a great opportunity for the firm to try to stimulate needs for another market segment. This only proves that McDonald’s has never closed its doors for probable innovation as far as the market trends continue to make a difference. Analysis of the context Politics Politics is about power (Williams, 1998). In the United Kingdom, power in the government comes from the executive power of the Monarch as the head of the state and the Prime Minister as the head of government. These two are interrelated positions in the UK government which eventually have corresponding impact on how the business operates in the country. The Monarch has the supreme power in the state because it has the capacity to dismiss and appoint a Prime Minister. In general, the entire business environment may depend on the overall management of the head of the state. However, the specific function lies on the head of the government. Thus, any instability of the business operation in the state may be addressed importantly directly towards the head of the government. Economic The global economic recession is another important aspect that strongly linked the entire business environment and specific firm’s operation. McDonald’s surely is in line with the business that produces product and service offerings that are to be consumed at a specific range of time. The global economic crisis was a doorway for various firms to move into recession (United Nations Settle ments Programme, 2009). This is a specific indicator that business may not be working out well and various aspects should be taken into account such as employment, foreign direct investment, economic growth and more. In the midst of global economic downturn especially in the UK, McDonald’s surely has to struggle when it comes to hitting its maximum performance in all areas. The most

Logistic service quality within the perishable goods Essay

Logistic service quality within the perishable goods - Essay Example Communicating the importance of logistical activities to other functional activities, as well as to corporate officers, has been a difficult task. Professor Donald Bowersox, speaking at the council of logistics management annual conference in Toronto in 1999, described establishing the link between functional logistics performance and overall firm performance as our discipline's equivalent to finding a cure for cancer. Definitive empirical results that link improvements in logistics performance to overall firm performance have been difficult to achieve. Some progress, however, has been made. Recently, Daugherty, Stank, and Ellinger (1998) conducted an in-depth assessment of the relationships among logistics service performance and customer satisfaction, loyalty and market share in an industrial setting. Their findings indicated that high levels of logistics service are directly related to market share through satisfaction and loyalty. Quality within a service orientated company such as a 3PL provider is becoming more and more important because by providing a higher service level , these companies can distinguish themselves from their competition. This is definitely the case for a public refrigerated warehouse (PRW) /3PL provider such as Daalimpex Cold stores B.V. I'm, as person responsible for all operational activities provided by Daalimpex, are therefore very interested what

ASSIGNMENT 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

ASSIGNMENT 1 - Essay Example For the given study, the case in focus is a London production titled Adulthood. In brief, the movie focuses on the life of the main character called Sam who had been in jail for quite a significant time after being convicted for killing Trife. In a funny twist, what Sam propagates after coming from jail is the same thing that Trife had persuaded him not to do. Trife had tried to make Sam not seek revenge. After killing his friend and going to jail for it, Sam faces a challenging life afterwards. Basically, the movie is about justice and retribution as a form of dispensation of legal law. The discussion that follows herein focuses on how Adulthood as a film observes the stipulated legal, ethical and regulations outlined in the film industry. Just like in every profession, the film industry needs to be regulated. It needs to conform to the set legal, ethical as well as relevant regulations. The industry controls a significant revenue and population. Its influence on the population is a lso significant. This highlights the importance of adhering to accepted principles. This has relevance since the influence that films command on the audience can have serious implications if deliberations are not taken into mind while controlling the industry. A film like adulthood portrays what happens in most societies. It gives the predicament of those out of jail in view of the rest of the members of the society. Socializing and getting accepted into the society after serving time in jail is often a challenge to most ex-convicts. Prejudices form part of human life. It is common to perceive people or situations from what is visualized without giving considerations to the intricate factors that surround such situations. In terms of films, legal and ethical implications must be observed to ensure the audience gets the right quality (BBFC, 2013). In case that does not happen, there are obvious drawbacks and legal tussles that a film such as Adulthood will be faced with. The audience s are consumers. Consumer satisfaction is a responsibility any business. Government policies also protect consumers. Striking a balance in reference to the two guarantees legal sustainability. In the course of film production, there are obvious contractual agreements that bind the involved parties. In this case, for instance, the film was produced by Amir Madani. In addition, there were other limited liability companies such as High bridge entertainment, Gran via Productions and Sony Pictures Television which were consulted to see the quality production as well as distribution of the film. There are several benefits associated with such companies. Firstly, individual film maker is usually represented by the company should there be a contract breach during the film production (BBFC, 2013). Secondly, the film maker could sell some interests to the limited liability companies and raise some funds to ensure the production process is a success. The companies are more likely to oblige to the tax scheme other than a certain film maker facing the taxing process on individual capacity. The legal predicaments involved in contracts are still applicable in this case. Below is a pictorial representation of the movie’s cover. Being an original work, the movie is a patented product. Its producer has the right of ownership. Any breach of that can lead to a tussle in a court of law. The breach may come from unlawful reproduction. Adulthood was a film which

Effectiveness of Senior Team Member and In-Depth Knowledge of the Essay

Effectiveness of Senior Team Member and In-Depth Knowledge of the Subject - Essay Example As it has been aforementioned that my role as a senior team member is very notable and important for the success of an entire team, in the same manner, the role and functions of other team members also play a crucial role in this regard. As a senior team member, I should be able to understand the potential, proficiencies, and skills of my team members so that I can effectively place them in the right order and can assign them the right duty and task which fits them the most. Furthermore, I should respect other team members and should expect the same from them. As a team, it is our foremost responsibility to understand that every individual and his role are equally important and that no one is assigned with an easy job or has been favored. Furthermore, I also need to check that all members of the team are performing their duties well and are following all the ethical and legal guidelines of prescribing, selling, and administration. It should be noted that prescribing someone is a serious and important issue. Although only authorized professionals are allowed to prescribe medicines, it is important that as a senior team member I should keep a check and balance on the procedures. A daily, weekly and monthly evaluation of the prescribing practices should be incorporated in the routine tasks as well as auditing and monitoring these practices. This will allow fewer chances of error and will ensure an effective and steady process of prescribing and other tasks. The presence of a code of ethics and conduct is made by the Ethics committee of â€Å"The British Psychological Society† (Cowden & Pullen-Sansfacon, 2014). They provide an insight to the educational, professional roles of Psychologists but they are not merely specific rules for psychologists but they are associated with certain principles that provide guidance on when to fulfill the demand of the patients and when it would be feasible to say no to them.

ASSIGNMENT 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

ASSIGNMENT 1 - Essay Example For the given study, the case in focus is a London production titled Adulthood. In brief, the movie focuses on the life of the main character called Sam who had been in jail for quite a significant time after being convicted for killing Trife. In a funny twist, what Sam propagates after coming from jail is the same thing that Trife had persuaded him not to do. Trife had tried to make Sam not seek revenge. After killing his friend and going to jail for it, Sam faces a challenging life afterwards. Basically, the movie is about justice and retribution as a form of dispensation of legal law. The discussion that follows herein focuses on how Adulthood as a film observes the stipulated legal, ethical and regulations outlined in the film industry. Just like in every profession, the film industry needs to be regulated. It needs to conform to the set legal, ethical as well as relevant regulations. The industry controls a significant revenue and population. Its influence on the population is a lso significant. This highlights the importance of adhering to accepted principles. This has relevance since the influence that films command on the audience can have serious implications if deliberations are not taken into mind while controlling the industry. A film like adulthood portrays what happens in most societies. It gives the predicament of those out of jail in view of the rest of the members of the society. Socializing and getting accepted into the society after serving time in jail is often a challenge to most ex-convicts. Prejudices form part of human life. It is common to perceive people or situations from what is visualized without giving considerations to the intricate factors that surround such situations. In terms of films, legal and ethical implications must be observed to ensure the audience gets the right quality (BBFC, 2013). In case that does not happen, there are obvious drawbacks and legal tussles that a film such as Adulthood will be faced with. The audience s are consumers. Consumer satisfaction is a responsibility any business. Government policies also protect consumers. Striking a balance in reference to the two guarantees legal sustainability. In the course of film production, there are obvious contractual agreements that bind the involved parties. In this case, for instance, the film was produced by Amir Madani. In addition, there were other limited liability companies such as High bridge entertainment, Gran via Productions and Sony Pictures Television which were consulted to see the quality production as well as distribution of the film. There are several benefits associated with such companies. Firstly, individual film maker is usually represented by the company should there be a contract breach during the film production (BBFC, 2013). Secondly, the film maker could sell some interests to the limited liability companies and raise some funds to ensure the production process is a success. The companies are more likely to oblige to the tax scheme other than a certain film maker facing the taxing process on individual capacity. The legal predicaments involved in contracts are still applicable in this case. Below is a pictorial representation of the movie’s cover. Being an original work, the movie is a patented product. Its producer has the right of ownership. Any breach of that can lead to a tussle in a court of law. The breach may come from unlawful reproduction. Adulthood was a film which

Have technological developments undermined the truthful nature of Essay

Have technological developments undermined the truthful nature of photography or have they provided new creative possibilities - Essay Example In its earliest forms, due perhaps in large part to the fact that exposure times were lengthy as the technology was in its infancy, photography was used as a narrative form, but even this early in its history, technological developments were allowing for more creative expression than simply recording the ‘truthful’ image. â€Å"At the turn of the century [1900], a small group of serious photographers tried to rescue the art form from its low estate by turning their backs on the more blatant forms of narrative photography and its continued reliance on and subservience to painting. They sought a more independent poetic vision based on the camera lens and motivated by a concern with contemporary forms† (Brown, 1971: 31). Thus, while it might be said that â€Å"The new malleability of the image may eventually lead to a profound undermining of photography’s status as an inherently truthful pictorial form† (Ritchin, 1990: 28), the new technological develop ments offered to photography are merely the latest in a long line of photographic tools that can be used to explore new creative possibilities and/or provide truthful representation, based upon the decisions made by the photographer. At no point in its history can photography be said to have been limited to merely ‘true’ forms of capturing images. To understand this, it is first necessary to understand how the development of the digital camera is similar to the early development of the traditional camera and then to take a look at how each works to produce images which can be manipulated in various ways to arrive at an idea of ‘truth’. There is no doubt that the boom of available digital cameras and their immediate integration with desktop computers and other devices has been revolutionizing the photography industry. There are many physical advantages to going digital over more traditional methods. Although

The Influence of Surfing in Skateboarding Essay Example for Free

The Influence of Surfing in Skateboarding Essay Skateboarding began in the year of 1950, when all over California surfers suddenly got the notion that they could try surfing on street, it was partly this reason why no one could really tell who first made or discovered skateboards. There are several assertions that they are the ones who made the very first skateboards however, none of those could really be verified. During these times, skateboarding is considered to be fun, yet it is only second to surfing. â€Å"The first type of skateboards which dates back to early 1900s was actually more like a scooter† (Brooke, 16) with the undercarriage made up of roller skate wheels fastened to a two by four, once the push bar of the scoter like apparatus was broken off, it was only then skateboarding came into existence. Around the late 1950s, open-minded Californian surfers began to realize that these-scooter-minus-the-handlebar contraptions†¦could be used as a kind of alternative to surfing†¦ (Books and Phillips, p.11)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It was by the year of 1950 that the surfing fad became very popular. It was only then that people recognized the fact that skateboarding could be almost similar to riding a wave or surfing and this particular association with surfing which gave skateboarding, a course which would affect everything regarding the sport which was just about to come. This includes a series of maneuvers, style terrain, as well as stance. It was basically at some point in this time that changes were done to the apparatus in order to make them easier to use or handle. By the year of 1959 the very 1st Roller Derby Skateboard was put up in stores. Basically, it was the surfers who first thought of the idea that surfing could be done on streets (Cave, 2007).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As was already mentioned, the 1st skateboard was manufactured by the year of 1950 and it happened during the surfing or riding in wave was in vogue in California. The very first skateboards were made at home and built on even wooden boards fastened to roller skate trucks and wheels, skateboarding were initially named â€Å"sidewalk surfing† and the very first skaters imitated some methods and moves from surfers. It is even argued if skateboards really developed from â€Å"crate scooters†, which in turn came before skateboards did and they were basically the same saved that they have a crate made of wood fastened to the front, which made up elementary handlebars (Cave, 2007).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The entrance of the year 1960 paved way to skateboarding going on mainstream. There are also those surfing companies like Hobie and Makaha who began manufacturing skateboards which looks a lot like minute surfboards and accumulating groups to endorse their manufactured goods. The fame of skateboarding at this point in time generated a national magazine which is called a â€Å"Skateboarder Magazine and the 1965 international championships were publicized on national televisions, the development of skateboarding during this times could also be observed in Makaha’s sales records which stated $4, 000, 000 worth of skateboard were sold from the year of 1963 up to 1965. It was also in the year of 1963 that skateboard was at the highest peak of its fame and thus Makaha, among other companies commenced in giving off tournaments on skateboarding. During this year skateboarding are usually done, downhill, salom or freestyle and skateboarders such as Torger Johnson, Woody Woodward and Dany Berer became famous on the sport however, one should take note of the fact that skateboarding is very different from what it is today and thus one should not expect them to be doing things skaters of today’s times are doing. During those times â€Å"freestyle† their favorite style in skateboarding seems as though they are doing some ballet or they are ice skating, not exactly the same as it looks like today. However, by the year of 1966 sales had not been as good as before and it plunged down considerably. It was also about this time when Skateboarder Magazine had ended their publications, and hence skateboarding’s fame plunged down and continued to remain low until the coming of the year, 1970 (OldSchoolSkateboarding, 2007).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The early 1960s is the time when companies like Makaha and Hobie’s started to mass produce the very first and genuine surfing enthused skateboards. A number of the first advocates of surf-style skateboarding are Bill and Mark Richards, Danu Bearer, and so on. Skateboarding became very trendy in an instant and manufacturing companies have had to work hard in order to sustain the demands of the customers. More than 50, 000, 000 skateboards were bought within the span of three years. The very first contests on skateboarding took place on Hermosa Beach, California in the year of 1i963. It was in 1965 that a swing supposedly safety specialists asserted that skateboarding is not safe, forcing the stores to stop selling skateboards, and parents to stop buying them. The skateboarding trend died immediately in the same way it had been an instant fad before (OldSchoolSkateboarding, 2007).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   At the early years of 1970, Frank Nasworthy began to make skateboard wheels from polyurethane. Nasworthy’s invention looks closer to what skateboarders use nowadays.   The development in footing and execution was so great that the reputation of skateboarding began to increase quickly once more. Companies began to spend more in product advancement. A large number of companies began to produce trucks principally intended for skateboarding. As the gear develops and began to be more maneuverable or easier to handle, the decks began to get broader which provides the skateboarders even more room to maneuver Nasworthy’s company was called Cadillac wheels and his inventions caught the interest of surfers among other people which is another development on skateboarding.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Skateboards made up by polypropylene were called banana board; these boards are thin, supple, with beams on the underside for structural foundation and they are also very famous until the mid-70s. These skateboards are available in many colors; however yellow is the most famous of them all, hence the term banana boards.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the year of 1975, skateboarding unexpectedly received an evolutionary improvement and it is almost similar to what skateboards and skateboarders do and look like nowadays. In Del Mar wherein a salom and freestyle competition was held , the Zephyr team amazed the world to the things skaters and their skateboards could do and it was the start of whence the sport was treated seriously and not just as a mere past time. Tony Alva, Jay Adams, and Tony Peralta were the three most well-known and celebrated skateboarders at that time and all of them are members of the Zephyr.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   By the year of 1978 skateboarder, Alan â€Å"Ollie† Gelfand made a noteworthy invention which gave skateboarding another boost. The Ollie is a technique wherein one would slam one’s back foot on the tail of the skateboard and then the skater would be seen boarding the air.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Producers began to experimenting with more interesting combinations such as fiberglass and aluminum; however, the typical skateboards were structured with maple plywood. The skateboarders made use of the better handling of their boards and they commenced on creating and discovering new tricks with their skateboards. Skateboarders, especially the Z-boys, commenced in skating the vertical walls of swimming pools and this began the vertical trend in the said sport. With amplified improved control vertical skaters could skate faster and execute more risky tricks like slash grinds and the like. This founded liability apprehensions and intensified insurance charges to skatepark owners. During this period, the â€Å"freestyle† movement in skateboarding started it could be distinguished by the growth of a broad variety of flat-ground tricks.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Skateparks progressively had to debate against high-liability expenses which led to many parks closing down. Vertical skaters thus, began to make their own access ramps and freestylers are no longer in need for skate parks. Therefore, by early 1980s skateboardings popularity diminished once more (YourLeisurelyTime, 2006).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It was by the year of 1980s that the VCR suddenly materialized into the picture and they paved way to kids all over the world who wants to skate. Stacey Peralta along with George Powell made a team of gifted skateboarders and called them the Bones Brigade, it was also Stacey who made skateboarding videos which he called â€Å"The Bones Brigade Videos†. Their team includes Steve Caballero, Tony Hawk, along with other famous skaters, most of which one could see in â€Å"Freestyle† (a playstation game), and it was by this time that skaters began to be famous and made their own clothing styles which others tries to imitate even up to this point in time.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The 3rd generation of skateboards which is by the early 1980s up to early 1990s was stimulated by skateboard manufacturers which were managed by skateboarders. The main concentration was originally on vertical ramps skateboarding. The creation of the no-hands aerial by Allan Gelfand in the year of 1976 made it feasible for skateboarders to execute airs off of vert ramps. Whereas this wave of skateboarding was generated by commercialized vertical ramps skating, a great number of individuals who skateboarded during these times do not use or ride vertical ramps. Since majority of this individuals do not have the financial means to construct vertical ramps or they do not have access towards the ramps in the vicinity, street skating obtained a great deal of popularity. Freestyle skating continued to be popular all throughout this time with founders like Rodney Mullen formulating the fundamentals of contemporary street skating. The effects thiese freestylers had on street skating became pretty much obvious by the middle of 1980s. However, skateboarding progressed rapidly in the late 80s to adapt with the street skaters. Because only a small number of skate parks are accessible to skaters during this period, street skating urged skaters to search for shopping centers as well as public and private property they could call their place on which they could skate. The public resistances as well as dangers of bringing matters to court compelled businesses and property holders alike, to prohibit skating on their properties. By the year of 1992 just a small number of skateboarders continued to be a specialized adaptation of street skating, merged with the deterioration of vertical skating, generated a sport that is lacking of the mainstream allure to draw new skateboarders (DiMartino, 2007).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The 4th as well as the present generation of skateboards is dominated mainly of street skating. Typical boards are approximately 71/4 up to 8† wide and 30-32† long. .Tthe wheels are composed of exceptionally hard polyurethane, durometer, also, very high durometers provides the advantage of lessened hindrance on hard areas which produces in an general a speedier ride. The sizes of the wheels are comparatively minute so that the boards are does not weigh much in comparison to the wheels of the 80s. Most decks are still made up from Canadian Maple, with 7 plys being the manufacturing average for depth and sturdiness. Skateboards designs have been altered noticeably since the year of 1970. However it is still the same since the middle years of the 90s. The modern form of the skateboard is obtained from the freestyle boards of the 1980s with a mostly symmetrical figure and moderately slim width. It was by the year of 1990s that ramps or vertical skateboarding popularity started to dwindle. However, it was also in the 1990s when Mike Vallely and Natas Kaupas came into the picture and started boosting street skateboarding and it was basically this reason why they are highly responsible for skateboarding rising in fame again.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Basically, skateboarding is very similar to surfing from which it is known to have originated. The vertical ramps used by skateboarders could be seen to be almost the same as the vertical waves surfers have had to ride when they are doing the sport. Ollie, as well as the other techniques is also similar in skateboarding and surfing. The people who find fascination in the two sports were all diverse and drawn up to the said sports because of sheer exhilaration and feeling of adventure. Both sports are very risky or dangerous and it is primarily the reason why there are those devil may care individuals who finds themselves irresistibly drawn to the sport.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The present sequence of skateboarding as well as surfing has been stimulated by many things as well as new companies, more wide-ranging and tricky terrains, a daredevil attitude, and most significantly by a new generation of youngsters who have found out the excitement of feeling of rolling along boards, may it be surfing boards or skateboards. A number of people who apply heavy pressure on the said sports are former pros who have started their own companies. The Ollie has come about into its own as the basis for eighty percent of street tricks and also about sixty percent of vertical tricks, which as had mentioned earlier is almost the same to that of surfers riding vertical waves, on which their main concentrations were on more technical and superior tricks. Also, â€Å"improvement in skateboarding like all sports takes countless hours of physical practice† (Werner and Badillo, p 15).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Skateboarding regained more popularity in 1995, mainly because of the exposure it has had from ESPN’s 1st Extreme Games in Rhode Island which served to bring skateboarding, which like surfing is categorized as a rebel and dangerous sport, maybe because of the perils and hazards and intermittent illegality of the enterprise,   closer to the majority of people. In the year of 1996, the extreme Games took place, once more on Rhode Island, once again rendering the sport into another exposure to millions of individuals (DiMartino, 2007).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The influence of media exposure towards the sport has made it a spectator sport instead of the underground sport it had been for the last decades. It has caused an invasion of companies which provided the sports a great sum of money for advertising, which had until that time disregarded skateboarding, as a means for promotional reasons. Advertisers and promoters have seen that skateboarding developed into a major sport on which they could have access to their preferred demographics, young males. Skateboarders and surfers alike have been in constant existence in campaigns for manufactured goods starting from soft drinks up to other kind of junk foods, sweet delicacies and even phone corporations. Therefore, majority of the phenomenon in skateboarding and surfing in present time came not from the skateboarders or surfers themselves; rather they came from company’s supports as well as from the media exposures ([emailprotected], 2007). The main concentration of the skateboarding continues to be on street skating, as is evident allover the editorials and publicity sides of the chief skateboarding magazines, wherein street skating pictures still dominates majority of the pages. On the other hand, vertical skating is about to return in the picture, owing in some ways to the great number of new skate parks being constructed all over the place. The said skate parks have also amplified the skating areas in numerous settlements. These numerous and assorted ramps, pipes as well as bowls offered at the said parks have paved way to a modification in gears. These technological alterations put on the skateboard products have better or enhanced skateboarding progressively in the course of the last two decades, and whereas in the early 90’s small boards and tiny wheels reigned all over the place, in today’s time there is a broad variety of skateboards and wheels which could be seen in use by many skateboarders. Wheel diameters are bigger, deck breadth continually develops, and long boards are advancing in fame particularly in beach communities (in the same manner that surfing is very popular in surfing communities) and amongst those that just desires to make use of their boards as a vehicle or some kind of a means for transport. Downhill skateboarding is also being revived for the past few years partly because of the visibility of the street sled (YourLeisurelyTime, 2006).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Among the leading fads at work is amongst soft goods. In the past few years, clothing trends have steadily mirrored the alterations wrought by those who people who skates, (Avril Lavigne for one used to wear what other labels as punk or skaters apparels.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"Today a pro can make anywhere from $1000 to $10,000 a month,† stated Danielle Bostick of World Cup Skateboarding and the X Games. These salaries are depends mainly on winnings of the professional skater. This is also one of the pulls why skating had been such a fad even up to this point in time (surfers are also drawn by the amount of earnings one could obtain depending on the wins he would bring his team). Most skateboarders who are sponsored by companies also earns good money provided that they meet up with these companies expectations and they carry the name of the company as some kind of an advertisement. This is a substantial transformation from the past when professional skaters need to work in other jobs in order to earn their money for skating (The Concrete Wave, 2007).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Skateboarding could be enjoyed by anyone (even by people two years of age) however the bulk of professional skaters vary from early teenagers up to individuals who are in their twenties. Majority of skaters do not train in any customary meaning one could denote from the word, in fact they do not even worry about their diets. Skaters like surfers simply do what they like to do best, skating. In fact, skateboarding is a lot of fun and it is largely the reason why we often see people of different nationalities, ages, or groups loitering around on their skateboards. Basically, the same thing could be said with surfers. Try going on a beach and there you could also see different people of all age surfing with the waves. Both sports are enjoyable and both are not picky when it comes to performing them. Works Cited Books, Carlton, and Skin Phillips. Skateboard Ramp: History. Carlton Books; 1 edition, 2002. Brooke, Michael. The Concrete Wave: The History of Skateboarding Warwick House Publishing, 1999. Cave, Steve. â€Å"A Brief History of Skateboarding.† 2007. OldSchoolSkateBoarding, â€Å"Interview with Makaha Skateboards founder Larry Stevenson† 2007. Werner, Doug, and Steve Badillo. Skateboarding New Levels: Tips and Tricks for Serious Riders Tracks Publishing 2002.   YourLeisureTime, â€Å"Skateboards: Skateboarding, Skate Parks.† 2006.

Critical Success Factors for Knowledge Management

Critical Success Factors for Knowledge Management Enablers and Inhibitors of Knowledge Management: Critical Success Factors for Knowledge Management Introduction The information revolution has caused enterprises to realize the shift from resource economy of controlling land, machines, factories, raw materials, and labor forces to the knowledge economy of creating business value through utilization of intangible knowledge. This has caused â€Å"knowledge management† to be of crucial importance and it has grabbed peoples attention and generated significant discussions both in the academia and industry. The true creation of business value today mainly comes from knowledge and its management. Knowledge is critical in obtaining competitive advantage within an enterprise (Sang and Hong, 2002), enterprises should consider the knowledge to be a critical resource and leverage it judiciously (Gupta et al., 2000; Liebowitz, 2003). To facilitate the knowledge accumulation process, enterprises must encourage employees to share their experience and knowledge with others meanwhile accumulating their knowledge as an organizational asset. Therefore, th e activities of knowledge management should enable the creation, communication, and application of knowledge; and they should drive the capability of creating and retaining a greater value onto the core business competencies (Tiwana, 2001). The enterprise needs to build a framework for evaluating the implementation activities of knowledge management system to enhance the effectiveness for incorporating new experiences and information to nourish the contents and contexts of its knowledge. However, there are concerns about the enablers and inhibitors to implementing knowledge management for enterprises. The response to that concern is that there are broad and value studies related with the implementation of knowledge management (Barney, 1995; Nonaka et al., 2000; Ndlela and Toit, 2001; Tiwana, 2001, Lin and Tseng, 2005). For example, Barney (1995) demonstrated that before launch to implement knowledge management, the enterprise needs to solve four questions: 1. Where is the value of knowledge? 2. How does the firm develop and exploit the special characteristics of knowledge and find a niche to obtain greater competitiveness? 3. How does the firm avoid being imitated by other firms of its special characteristics of knowledge management? 4. How does the firm organize the exploitation of resources in order to implement knowledge management? In the process of carrying out knowledge management, enterprises have to face the varying conditions of corporate culture, workflow processes, and the integration of group members knowledge. They also need strong support from top management, because it is possible that during the process they will encounter resistance from employees. Enterprises also need to increase the usage of information technology in order to help the problem regarding the flow of information. Through the study of enablers and inhibitors this research not just tries to validate theory with reality, but it also hopes to provide a reference for academia as well as the business field and suggest critical success factors for knowledge management implementations. Wong, (2005) indicate that previous studies of CSFs for KM implementation have been heavily focused on large companies. This is because most of the early adopters and superior performers of KM were in fact large and multinational corporations. As such, existing factors are mainly large companies oriented, thereby reflecting their situations and needs. Directly applying these factors into the SMEs environment may not be sufficient without an understanding of their very own and specific conditions. Previous studies fall short of studying and identifying the CSFs from the SMEs perspective. They have not considered the features, characteristics and situations of smaller firms. Nor have they explored other factors, which could potentially be more important for SMEs when accomplishing KM. This paper evolves a model for critical success factors for Knowledge Management implementations in Small Medium Enterprises using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). AHP is an effective quantitative tool that helps to prioritize problems, issues or variables based on relevant criteria and alternatives. The applicability and usefulness of the AHP approach as a multi-criteria decision-making tool is well acknowledged in the management literature. The present work has adopted this tool for segregating a few critical aspects of Knowledge Management implementation from the inconsequential many, so that organizations could focus only on those dimensions that are crucial for their success instead of spending a large quantity of time, effort and resources in mindlessly concentrating on peripheral issues. Hence the objectives of this paper are two-fold: †¢ To identify the criteria for the AHP model with respect to issues relating to critical success factors for Knowledge Management implementations in SMEs †¢ To present an AHP framework for absolute measurement of priorities in order to critically evaluate the issues relating to critical success factors for Knowledge Management implementations in SMEs. Review of Literature Enablers to Knowledge Management As enterprises embark into managing their knowledge they need to be clear of the factors that influence knowledge management, which are known as knowledge management enablers. Because enablers are the driving force in carrying out knowledge management, they do not just generate knowledge in the organization by stimulating the creation of knowledge, but they also motivate the group members to share their knowledge and experiences with one another, allowing organizational knowledge to grow concurrently and systematically (Ichijo et al., 1998; Stonehouse and Pemberton, 1999). Knowledge management enablers are the mechanism for the organization to develop its knowledge and also stimulate an environment within the organization for the creation and protection of knowledge. They are also the necessary building blocks in the improvement of the effectiveness of activities for knowledge management (Ichijo et al., 1998; Stonehouse and Pemberton, 1999). In related research, knowledge management enablers include the methods of knowledge management, organizational structure, corporate culture, information technology, people, and strategies, etc. (Bennett and Gabriel, 1999; Arthur Anderson Business Consulting, 1999; Arthur Anderson and APQC, 1996; Zack, 1999; Davenport, 1997; Long, 1997). To meet the challenge of managing strategic knowledge resources, an organization should be able to assess its preconditions for successful KM and their impacts on KM performance (Gold et al., 2001). A study by Yu et al (2007) identified a set of critical enablers for developing organizational capabilities of KM. KM team activity, learning orientation, KM system quality, and KM reward were found to have a significant, positive influence on KM performance. Research done by Yeh et al. (2006) concludes that strategy and leadership, corporate culture, people, and information technology are four of the enablers in knowledge management. They found that for the strategy and leadership enabler the most important part is to obtain the support of the top managers. For the corporate culture enabler, the important part is the forming of a culture of sharing but needs to be supplemented by information technology. For the people enabler, other than the training courses, the channels of learning and the incentive program for the employees are also key factors. As for the information technology enabler, other than the digitalization of the documents, the speedy search of knowledge for its re-use is becoming more and more important. In practice they discovered that the â€Å"establishment of a dedicated unit† is also a key enabler, and this enabler mainly plays the role of furthering knowledge management, taking communication, and coordinating with other departments as its duty. Inhibitors to Knowledge Management The biggest inhibitor to knowledge management implementation arises from unwillingness of people to systematically organize their knowledge. Since, this cannot be solved with technology, different kinds of work are needed. Examples include the promotion of knowledge management amongst people, or requiring top management to give their people pressure to implement knowledge management (Yeh et al., 2006). Lin et al (2005) suggest inhibitors in implementing the Knowledge Management arise out of strategic, perception, planning and implementation issues. The results of their research reveal that: †¢ From the strategic aspect, the upper management should address the enterprises strength, weakness, opportunities, and threats, and then formulate a suitable KM strategy. Furthermore, they should be equipped with information about the activities and performance throughout the organization. †¢ From the perception aspect, the critical task of the top managers is to identify the core knowledge required to maintain competitive advantage. Employees and top managers work together for a common goal; thus, employee efforts can guarantee a successful implementation of the KMS. Therefore, an enterprise should provide suitable training and resources to the employees, and use information technology to provide a friendly repository to standardize and store knowledge. The enterprise should also es tablish an atmosphere emphasizing knowledge sharing and innovation and encouraging employees to form such a culture through a reward system. †¢ From the planning aspect, the action plan should include schedule, people involved and resources required, although it is difficult to transfer the necessary knowledge to the KM plan due to non-standardization. Employees orientation toward KM, including the awareness of the importance and benefits of KM and IT skills for KM process, should be completely addressed. Knowledge-oriented employee assessments can also fail if they are not linked closely to existing incentive systems. The company should take steps to build up the trust of the knowledge owners by associating knowledge sharing to pay and incentives. †¢ From the implementation aspect, a robust set of metrics that evaluates the value of the KMS after implementation will need to be developed. It is essential that the top managers instill in the employees the importance and ben efits of KM. Employees often fear that if they pass on their knowledge to others, they will endanger their own position, authority, even power in the organization. Training and communication are essential to calm down employees fears of change, and perhaps to help them to enjoy new ways of working with their colleagues. Thus, firms need to create the right circumstance around the organization, primarily in the areas of KM activities and culture. Jennex and Zakharova (2005) suggest a holistic approach that addresses critical elements such as an effective technological infrastructure; integrating the technology infrastructure into everyday processes; having an enterprise-wide knowledge structure or taxonomy; a knowledge management strategy; knowledge management metrics of success and identification of inhibitors of knowledge usage. Lang (2001) have identified several inhibitors to knowledge creation and utilization in organizations. First, there may be inadequate care of those organizational relationships that promote knowledge creation. Second, there may be insufficient linkage between knowledge management and corporate strategy. Thirdly, inaccurate valuation of the contribution that knowledge makes to corporations bottom line renders the value of knowledge management ambiguous. Fourthly, there may be a pervasive lack of holism in knowledge management efforts. Finally perhaps not something ordinarily considered a problem for managers to deal with -poor verbal skills may hinder the actual processes of knowledge creation. Plessis, (2007) feel that the management of the inhibitors to knowledge management would need to be a mix of cultural, organizational, process, management and technology initiatives. The challenge is to select and combine the methods and approaches available, and harness them to address the organizations business needs. Critical Success Factors for KM There is a need for a more systematic and deliberate study on the critical success factors (CSFs) for implementing KM. Organisations need to be cognizant and aware of the factors that will influence the success of a KM initiative. Ignorance and oversight of the enablers and inhibitors will likely hinder an organisations effort to realise its full benefit (Hung et al, 2005). Initially, KM appeared to be adopted only in large, multinational and international companies and hence, research work on CSFs has been largely centred on them. Most of these studies have not considered the differences of company size as well as the specific features of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) that could affect KM. However, as it has now become a widely spread business discipline, it is no longer the concern of just large organisations. As asserted by Frey (2001), although major corporations have led the way in introducing and implementing KM, it is increasingly important for small businesses to manage their collective intellect. Okunoye and Karsten (2002) stated that KM has indeed become the underlying sources for successful organisations regardless of their size and geographical locations. Therefore, a better understanding of the CSFs for implementing it in SMEs is needed in order to ensure the success of their efforts. Wong, (2005) has grouped the critical success factors into a number of generic factors such as management leadership and support, culture, technology, strategy, measurement, roles and responsibilities, etc. These are common in KM efforts and therefore, they are also believed to be applicable to SMEs. He suggests that one should also consider the needs and situations of SMEs when developing CSFs for them.Wong, (2005) proposes a comprehensive model for implementing KM in SMEs. They are: †¢ management leadership and support; †¢ culture; †¢ IT; †¢ strategy and purpose; †¢ measurement; †¢ organisational infrastructure; †¢ processes and activities; †¢ motivational aids; †¢ resources; †¢ training and education; and †¢ HRM. What emerges from the review of literature is the following: ï  ¶ There are both enablers and inhibitors to knowledge management implementations in SMEs ï  ¶ Both enablers and inhibitors may be classified essentially into three broad categories human, technical and financial. ï  ¶ Critical Success Factors for KM implementations are different for SMEs from that of large organizations ï  ¶ Critical Success Factors also depend on the management of the enablers and the inhibitors Thus, it is beneficial for the SME to build a framework that would be used to prioritize the enablers and inhibitors to success. Therefore, we propose this AHP framework to the priorities for a SMEs initiative towards KM implementation. Framework for KM implementation Any successful managerial implementation requires management of enablers and the inhibitors. Similarly, in case of Knowledge Management as well it is important to manage the enablers and the inhibitors. From the review of literature a 3 level hierarchical model as shown in Figure 1 may be envisaged. At the root of the hierarchy the overall objective of a successful Knowledge Management implementation may be considered. Successful Knowledge Management implementation depends on two criteria enablers and inhibitors which are depicted as level 2 in the figure. As has been mentioned above these enablers and inhibitors can be classified in level 3 into technical, human and financial enablers (inhibitors). Figure 1: Framework for Successful Knowledge Management Implementation 4. METHODOLOGY Data Source: The research used both secondary and primary data. An extensive literature survey was undertaken, which helped in framing the questionnaire for the primary data collection. The focus of the study was on primary data. Research approach: The survey method was used for the study. Our primary data has been gathered using questionnaire technique. Our target population is all small firms in the National Capital Territory of Delhi (India) with turnover ranging from Rs. 5 crores to Rs. 25 Crores and employment levels between 15 and 50 employees. Specifically, we are targeting the owners or top managers at these firms. For the purposes of this research, we used a questionnaire survey. The questionnaire included 60 questions in two sections such as: [A] Enablers to Knowledge Management [B] Inhibitors to Knowledge Management Contact Method: The questionnaires were sent via email and were telephonically followed up. Sample Size: Amongst the 4263 companies (as per Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy Prowess database) that belonged to the criteria in the entire country, 1039 such companies were located in the National Capital Region of Delhi, which included New Delhi, Delhi, Faridabad, Gurgaon, Ghaziabad and NOIDA. Due care has been taken to include only those companies that made the sample more representative thus, e-mail questionnaires were sent to 500 amongst these 1039 companies. 119 responses were received that formed the sample for the study. This is a 23.8% response rate, which is acceptable. Data Analysis: The data so collected were analyzed with the AHP techniques to arrive at weights. The AHP is a generic problem-solving approach that is used in making complex multi-criteria decisions based on variables that do not have exact numerical consequences. The decision problem is represented in the form of a hierarchical structure with the apex being the overall focus or objective, criteria at the middle and the decision alternatives at the bottom. Such a configuration represents the basic three-level model of AHP. Nevertheless, several levels like sub goals, sub criteria, scenarios etc. could be considered in the model depending on the construction of the decision problem (Saaty, 2000). It employs a qualitative methodology to decompose an unstructured problem into a systematic decision hierarchy. In the quantitative sense, it adopts a pair wise comparison to execute the consistency test to validate the consistency of responses. In short, AHP is a hierarchical representation of a system. A hierarchy is an abstraction of the structure of the system, consisting of several levels representing the decomposition of the overall objective to a set of clusters, sub-clusters, and so on down to the final level. Decomposing the complexity of a problem into different levels or components and synthesizing the relations of the components are the underlying concepts of AHP (Cheng and Li, 2001). 5. RESEARCH FINDINGS Wong , Kuan Yew, (2005), â€Å"Critical success factors for implementing knowledge management in small and medium enterprises†, Industrial Management Data Systems Volume 105 Number 3 pp. 261-279 Frey, R.S. (2001), Knowledge management, proposal development, and small businesses, The Journal of Management Development, Vol. 20 No.1, pp.38-54 Okunoye, A., Karsten, H. (2002), Where the global needs the local: variation in enablers in the knowledge management process, Journal of Global Information Technology Management, Vol. 5 No.3, pp.12-31. Hung , Yu-Chung, Huang , Shi-Ming, Lin , Quo-Pin, Tsai , Mei-Ling, (2005), â€Å"Critical factors in adopting a knowledge management system for the pharmaceutical industry†, Industrial Management Data Systems, Volume 105 Number 2 pp. 164-183 Lang , Josephine Chinying (2001), â€Å"Managerial concerns in Knowledge management†, Journal of Knowledge Management Volume 5 . Number 1 . . pp. 43 ±57 Plessis , Marina du (2007),† Knowledge management: what makes complex implementations successful?, JOURNAL OF KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT, VOL. 11 NO. 2 2007, pp. 91-101 Jennex, M.E., Zakharova, I. (2005), Knowledge management critical success factors, available at: www.management.com.au/strategy/str110.html Lin , Chinho, Yeh, Jong-Mau, Tseng, Shu-Mei, (2005), † Case study on knowledge-management gaps†, Journal of Knowledge Management Volume 9 Number 3 pp. 36-50 Yeh , Ying-Jung, Lai, Sun-Quae, Ho, Chin-Tsang, (2006), â€Å"Knowledge management enablers: a case study†, Industrial Management Data Systems Volume 106 Number 6 pp. 793-810 Yu, Sung-Ho, Kim, Young-Gul, Kim, Min-Yong, (2007), â€Å"Do we know what really drives KM performance?, Journal of Knowledge Management, Volume 11 Number 6 pp. 39-53 Gold, A.H., Malhotra, A., Segars, A.H. (2001), Knowledge management: an organizational capabilities perspective, Journal of Management Information Systems, Vol. 18 No.1, pp.185-214. Zack, M.H. (1999), Managing codified knowledge, Sloan Management Review, Vol. 40 No.4, pp.45-57. Davenport, T.H. (1997), Ten principles of knowledge management and four case studies, Knowledge and Process Management, Vol. 4 No.3, pp.187-208. Long, D.D. (1997), Building the knowledge-based organizations: how culture drives knowledge behaviors, working paper of the Center for Business Innovation, Ernst Young LLP, Cambridge, MA, . Bennett, R., Gabriel, H. (1999), Organizational factors and knowledge management within large marketing departments: an empirical study, Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol. 3 No.3, pp.212-25. Ndlela, L.T., Toit, A.S.A. (2001), Establishing a knowledge management programme for competitive advantage in an enterprise, International Journal of Information Management, Vol. 21 No.2, pp.151-65. Ichijo, K., Krough, G., Nonaka, I. (1998), Knowledge enablers, in Krogh, G., Roos, J. (Eds),Knowing in Firms, Sage, London, pp.173-203. Stonehouse, G.H., Pemberton, J.D. (1999), Learning and knowledge management in the intelligent organization, Participate Empowerment: An International Journal, Vol. 7 No.5, pp.131-44. Tiwana, A. (2001), The Knowledge Management Toolkit: Practical Techniques for Building Knowle dge Management Systems, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, . Liebowitz, J. (2003), Keynote paper: measuring the value of online communities, leading to innovation and learning, International Journal of Innovation and Learning, Vol. 1 No.1, pp.1-8. Gupta, B., Iyer, L.S., Aronson, J.E. (2000), Knowledge management: practices and challenges, Industrial Management Data Systems, Vol. 100 No.1, pp.17-21. Saaty T. L. (2000), Fundamentals of decision making and priority theory with the AHP, 2nd edn. RWS, Pittsburg PA Cheng, E.W.L. and Li, H. (2001), ‘‘Analytic hierarchy process: an approach to determine measures for business performance, Measuring Business Excellence, Vol. 5 No. 3, pp. 30-6. Sang, M.L., Hong, S. (2002), An enterprise-wide knowledge management system infrastructure, Industrial Management Data Systems, Vol. 102 No.1, pp.17-25. Arthur Anderson and The American Productivity and Quality Center (1996), The Knowledge Management Assessment Tool: External Benchmarking Version, Arthur Anderson/APQC, Chicago, IL, . Arthur Anderson Business Consulting (1999), Zukai Knowledge Management, TOKYO Keizai, Inc., Tokyo, . Nonaka, I., Toyama, R., Konno, N. (2000), SECI, ba and leadership: a unified model of dynamic knowledge creation, Long Range Planning, Vol. 33 No.1, pp.5-34 Barney, J. (1995), Looking inside for competitive advantage, Academy of Management Executive, Vol. 9 No.4, pp.49-61. Lin, Chinho, Tseng, Shu-Mei, (2005), â€Å"The implementation gaps for the knowledge management system†, Industrial Management Data Systems Volume 105 Number 2 2005 pp. 208-222

The Fashion of Whiskers in Victorian England Essay -- Victorian Era Fa

Whiskers: A Growing Fashion Prior to the Victorian era, men in England maintained cleanly shaven faces. With the mid-eighteen hundreds came a widespread shift toward facial hair in a multitude of styles (Camellia). The ability to grow whiskers began to be regarded as a sign of manhood. In pictures and photographs from the era, it is rare to find a male, past the age of manhood, depicted without facial hair in some capacity. As the century continued, the preferred style of facial hair grew progressively longer, bushier, and more pronounced (Nunn), but it remained â€Å"stylish for men to wear facial hair of all sizes and descriptions† (Camellia). Whiskers of all types adorned the faces of Victorian men, from thin side-whiskers to full, bushy beards in accompaniment with thick mustaches. During the nineteenth century, side-whiskers, beginning as short sideburns, were â€Å"allowed to grow further down the face† (Nunn) and developed into a variety of styles. Mutton-chops, â€Å"side whiskers that are narrow at the temple, broad along the lower cheek or jawline, and separated by a shaven chi...

Pictures of War that Wilfred Owen’s Poems Create :: Anthem for Doomed Youth Disabled Essays

Pictures of War that Wilfred Owen’s Poems Create Wilfred Owen was born in Shropshire in 1893; he grew up in the north of England. Doing successfully well in school Wilfred wanted to go to university. As a consequence of his farmers job he could not afford to participate in university. His father was a railway worker and therefore didn’t earn much money. Instead of spending his next few years in college, Wilfred immigrated to France to take up a career in teaching at his time in Berlitz School, the Great War, commonly known as World War 1, was undergoing its ‘birth’ and war was later declared in 1914. Two years after settling in France Wilfred decided to sign up in training to be an army officer. And later joined the regiments in 1916 posted at the River Somme. In March 1917 he was temporarily discharged from the front line because of concussion. Owen re-joined the battalion soon after the accident. Unfortunately he was once again seized from the front line as a result of ‘shell shock’. In June 1917 he was transferred to a hospital called; Craiglockart, near Edinburgh. Here he met a poet named Siegfried Sassoon. As Wilfred had already started drafting poems, Sassoon helped Owen re-draft them to improve them immensely. More than a handful of poems were produced by the two. Wilfred’s first work was published in 1918, just before he returned to the front line. In September, Owen was awarded the military cross. Wilfred later dies on an attack on the Oise-Sombre canal. I am going to analyse and show incite to his three most famous poems; Anthem for doomed youth, Dulce et decorum and disabled. ‘Anthem for doomed youth’ is a relatively short poem, but the saying ‘less is more’ is definitely relevant in this case. The title alone represents an ‘anthem’ a song or prayer, for the futile soldiers. The main technique used is the question and answer method. The first line is the question; ‘What passing bells for these who die as cattle?’ This is comparing the soldiers to cattle and stating that in the battlefield the soldiers die in such great masses that they can be easily compared to cattle who get murdered in slaughtered houses. ‘Only the stuttering rifles rapid rattle’ This line contains onomatopoeia; ‘Stuttering rifles....’ This represents the sound the guns make when fired. Also this line has alliteration; ‘Rifles rapid rattle.’ This helps you set the scene of the massacring battlefield. The poem has personification within it; ‘Only the monstrous anger of the guns’ This illustrates that the gun has anger, a personality if you will. Which theoretically speaking is incorrect.

Comparison of ‘flight’ and ‘your shoes’ Essay

â€Å"Flight† by Doris Lessing & â€Å"Your shoes† by Michele Roberts deals with conditions of growing up, relationship between generations and most importantly issues of daughter leaving home and how leaving house can affect the whole family. The story â€Å"Flight† revolves around the grandfather who doesn’t want his only granddaughter, Alice to get married with love of her life, Steven as deep down he is afraid she will leave him and he might have to suffer from loneliness. In â€Å"Your Shoes†, a depressed mother imagines a pair of shoes to be her missing daughter who ran away from home after an argument with her father and is describing the memories she had with her daughter. Both the stories shares similar theme over daughter leaving home and growing up. The grandfather in the beginning ignores the reality of children leaving away and he thinks selfishly discarding others happiness. This is because he had only seen his other granddaughters leaving home and they are not always there to stay by his side. Therefore, he is severely affected by the decision of his granddaughter to get married. This is most clearly shown when he says. â€Å"She’s the last one, he mourned. Can’t we keep her a bit longer?†. Similarly, In â€Å"Your Shoes† the mother thinks she knows what is best for her fifteen years old teenager daughter who is getting involved in drugs and sex. She never considered her daughter’s feeling when she was present. In â€Å"Flight† there is a relationship among the grandfather, granddaughter and her boyfriend. He appears to be jealous of Steven knowing that he is going to lose his granddaughter to him as Alice is preparing to marry him. He also feels rejected when his granddaughter goes out him despite he being against it. By the end of the story we gradually see how he begins to accept the reality after seeing the maturity shown by Alice and Steven by gifting him a bird. It is then he realizes that she is no longer a little girl and she is growing up. Similarly, In â€Å"Your Shoes† there is a relationship between mother and daughter. The mother realizes she never really understood her daughter until she’s gone. â€Å"Now I realize how you kept yourself away from me, didn’t know you at all.† This quote explains she was constantly rejected by her daughter because she was being overprotective all the time and never tried to understand her daughter feelings. The theme of jealousy is shown from the comparison she makes of her daughter with her mother. She didn’t get on well with her mother and now it is the same with her daughter. Like the grandfather, she doesn’t accept the reality of daughter leaving home. For example she shuts her daughter’s shoes in wardrobe and always keeps an eye on them. But at the end of the story, she feels a failure as a mother and thinks that her daughter will return which appears to be hope. Languages used in both the stories are very descriptive of bodies and atmosphere to make it easier to understand. For example, â€Å"Above the old man’s head was the dovecote, a tall wire-netted shelf on stilts, full of strutting, preening birds†. This sentence from â€Å"Flight† (line 1) gives good description of the dovecote as well as natural behavior of birds which we are clearly able to visualize what is happening in the scenario. â€Å"Your shoes† is narrated in monologue from first person point of view . Contrastingly â€Å"Flight† is narrated from third person point of view which is why it has dialogues included. The way story is told also makes differences in how recognize the characters. The narrator of â€Å"Your Shoes† is telling her sides of the story .We don’t know whether she is telling the truth or not and have no idea how the other character feels so she could be considered as an unreliable narrator. Both the stories have got their own good narrating style to allow the reader to connect with the character. In â€Å"Flight† pigeon are used as imagery as it has the ability to fly away and leave .The use of this imagery suggest concept of children leaving home and getting married at their certain phase of life. In â€Å"Your shoes†, Shoes symbolizes missing daughter and the way she treats the shoes also describe her as she’s mentally disturbed and has become paranoid. â€Å"Hold you like my mother never rocked me.† This quote implies she is holding it like a baby imagining she is holding her daughter and is trying to show her love she didn’t get from her own mother. Both the stories enlighten a message that growing up as we see it is not simple as it seems. It is more than that. It is as complicated as this world seems to be. Like In â€Å"Your shoes†, daughter running from home affected her mother but we can’t blame the daughter as it is her parents who have failed to understand her and take her in right track. And in Flight grandfather realises his mistake and repent it by accepting his granddaughter’s new relationship. This is a result of children showing more responsible side. Both the stories give us idea that as we grow up we start to develop relationship, go through happiness and sorrows and decisions that sometimes might affect our loved ones and bring profound changes in lives.

Path of Accounting

The career field I chose is finance. In a career of finance there are a number of different tasks I would potentially have to do. Accountants and other jobs in the field of finance have to keep track of money and records of companies. In finance you mainly provide financial services to businesses. It may require one to give advice to executives of businesses on better ways to operate their business. To have a Career in finance it is a must to be good at math and great at dealing with/analyzing numbers and data. If you are not good at math or with numbers then being is good in this career will be nearly impossible because you won’t be able to analyze the data you are presented with, which will probably make everything seem foreign because you lack understanding.Most importantly, a career in finance requires honesty. Having access to other people’s and other businesses’ money is a serious task to be placed with. That responsibility is not one to be lightly or one t hat allows the chance for mistakes. My career goal is to be a financial accountant. I have wanted to be an accountant as long as I can remember. I’ve always wanted to be an accountant because I am good at math. To be an accountant my career field would have to be finance and I could choose business and management, but I would definitely have to do finance. Finance and accounting is offered at every university, so I wouldn’t really have finding a school. The job requirement of an accountant is all dealing with finance.As an accountant, it is your job to provide financial information to the management you work for. To do this, an accountant researches and analyzes data and has to prepare reports for the company. Keeping track of the financial records on the company is also a part of being an accountant. Another point of emphasize is the importance of interning at a bank or business to gain experience in the field of accounting.I would most likely be an accountant in the states of New York, Ohio, or Wisconsin. I would like to work not too close to Chicago, but not too far away either. According to US News.com the monthly salaries in the states of Wisconsin and Ohio are $4, 052 and $3,812 respectively. In New York the monthly salary is $7,476. The highest salary  for an accountant is in New York at $89,720 followed by New Jersey and San Francisco at $87,120 and $86,230 respectively.Other forms of accountants I am interested in is being a forensic accountant and management accountant. As a forensics accountant it is ones job to analyze and access data to help solve crimes. It also requires you to detect any signs or forms of fraud that could lead to anything. Watching show many crime shows have shed lights on forensic accounting for me, which is why I have become so interested in it. Being a management accountant is much like a financial accountant. I would just work with the managers of businesses or corporations more often and provide them with in formation to help them make the right decision to benefit their company.I would just come up with all the strategies to help improve the company than work with the manager to get the right decision made, so my work space would be different. Instead of being at a desk on a computer I would have to make representation of data in charts on boards, computer, poster, and etc. This would also result in me spending time in the meeting rooms with executives and managers than other accountants would. The semester credits I am requires to earn depends on what the college itself requires, although most colleges will require me to have 150 semester credits from a university according to Accounting Coach â€Å"CPA requirements†.After I gain enough credit myself and anyone else striving to become an accountant is required to take the CPA exam and cannot begin working as an accountant until they pass it. The CPA exam is followed by an Ethic Exam and they both really test on if one’s readiness for a career in accounting. After passing these two test which are both advised to take as soon as one can while all the info is still fresh, you can start your career in accounting. An accountant usually work twelve hour shifts in their place of business at an computer analyzing data, consulting with managers, or studying data that is given to them, which can be boring if you don’t enjoy math.One of the colleges I am interested in attending to become an accountant is The Ohio State University located in Columbus, Ohio. According to Forbes Top Collges.com the GPA requirement for is a 3.6 and the ACT requirement is about a 26 with that being the average. Another of their requirements is for incoming students have to at least have taken two years of a foreign language class, preferably the same language, so that they be fluent in one language instead of mediocre in many.The cost of tuition and  fees at The Ohio State University is $26,726 and when you include books, room and things it all adds up to $44,215. Being such a big school Ohio State accepts 64% of its applicants and 93% of freshman return for their second year. The four year graduation rate is 51% and the six year graduation rate is 80%. Graduation rate for African American students is 73%. My second school is Stanford University which is located in Stanford, California.In Stanford University pamphlet the average GPA and ACT scores for people accepted into Stanford is a 3.6 and a 31. Tuition is $43,245 and student population is large at 17, 833 with 52% being males and 10% being African Americans. The big fact is Stanford on accepts about 8% of its applicants and of those they accept 98% return after their first year. The four year graduation rate is 80% and the six year graduation rate is 93% which I didn’t know was higher than Ohio State’s because of how tough a school it is. The graduation rate for males is 94% and 92% for African Americans.The last school I selected is the University of Wisconsin-Madison which is located, exactly where the name of the school says, Madison, Wisconsin. The University of Wisconsin and Ohio State is like I said about the job, I would like to attend school not too far from Chicago, but not too close either. Forbes Top Schools.com shows that the total population is 41,946 with 46% of that being males and 3% being African Americans. The cost for tuition is $40,012. The average GPA is a 3.4 and for my desired major it is 3.5 while the average ACT is a 26. 94 of its students come back for their second year, while the transfer rate is 12%. The four year graduation rate is 52% and the six year graduation rate is 80%. The graduation rate for males at the University of Wisconsin is 82% and the graduation rate for African American students is 78%.My end goal is to become a financial accountant after college. I know attending The Ohio State University will definitely help me achieve this goal because they have one of the bet ter accounting programs in the country. I’ve gotten to visit the school and sit in on an accounting class, so I have first-hand experience of what it’s like. Out of the information and things I learned about all three schools I picked, The Ohio State University is the most appealing to me. Having over 90% graduation rates for males and African Americans is the numbers that really jump out at me, but that doesn’t mean if I go to The Ohio State University that the journey will be easy.It may  be the best fit or my top choice, but there are still obstacles like the size of Ohio State. A school with over 55,000 students will be a big adjustments from anywhere, but I have just have to keep looking ahead to my end goal. The next step I need to take in order to reach my goal is continue to develop my skills not only in math, but also work to improve my ACT score so I can get what I need to be accepted into Ohio State. I already have a lot of skills that I need to pur suit my career like being superb in math, great at analyzing data, and dealing with charts and graphs.I feel I have great self-discipline which I believe everyone must have before they even think of going to college, but I still need to greatly improve in lots of things. I must continue to work on my social skills because being at college with thousands of college can be even more difficult than it already will and I will work to be better at not procrastinating because at times I may wait for the last moment to do things because it seems easy or I get too confident with my ability to do work quick, so I put it off until the last minute. I need to continue to stay focused and take advantage of the many opportunities  I have presented to me. This includes ACT prep, college visits, extra-curricular activities, and any other program offered to me.Though, my most important thing to do to help me achieve my goal right now it to just simply focus on what I need to do right now in high s chool because that is what’s most important right now. I can face my care path and continue to work closer to my end goal when I get to that point, but I still have to get to that step and I must finish high school to do it. While researching for this project I realized all the information I’ve had to research is nothing, but beneficial to me and achieving my goals. I’ve learned things about these colleges I didn’t know and learned of what is required of me to get accepted into the colleges of my choosing and what is required of me to strive in the career of my choosing.The process of doing this paper has helped me to learn of all the things I still need to work on and what I still need to achieve. Before this paper I thought I knew everything of what was required to be an accountant an attend the colleges of my choice, but doing this project has shed light on things I didn’t know and informed me that there are still things I still need to learn mo re about and continue to work on because I’m not where I need to be yet. There are many obstacles in place that I still  must face and overcome before I can reach my end goal of becoming a financial accountant, but doing this project has made the long journey to achieving my goal that I have ahead a lot easier than it would’ve been.